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Every raw mineral and crystal that we select has been obtained using the most ethical and eco-friendly method available.
1.Are you a reseller (middle-man) or a first-hand trader?
A: First-hand trader for sure! Most of the high quality crystals are bought in raw form. Our crystal artisan will then shape the stone/crystal with sanding/polishing machine to perfection.
2.How long is the order preparation time frame after payment?
A:Pre-Order: 5-10 days after receipt of the partial payment. Ready Stock: 2-3 days after receipt of the full payment.
3.Do you offer after-sales service?
A: Definitely! Any problem with your order delivery or upon receipt of goods, please reach out to us as soon as possible. Damage shipment has to be reported within 48 hours so we can proceed to submit claim documents to the shipper.
4.Why I choose you instead of Alibaba？
A: most vendors on Alibaba try to screw you around with sweet prices but very over the top shipping.But we won’t do this，you will get free shipping on our website if you spend over $199USD. No hidden or any other extra charges and costs, At WHOLESALE-CRYSTAL.COM the price you see is the price you pay!
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7. How long is the delivery period? (excluding preparation time)?
A: We will mostly use DHL / FEDEX / UPS. With smooth transit, you will receive the goods in 7-12 days (subject to local custom delays).
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9. Do you accept custom order?
A:Yes, we do, please message us to check on feasibility! We might have the necessary equipment to produce what you need.
Maisie –
Astrand 6-Minute Cycle Test
(A physical fitness assessment measuring aerobic capacity)
🌐 Target: 70% of max heart rate
⏱️ Activity: Running/jogging or cycling
🕒 Duration: As long as possible within 6 minutes
💡 How to calculate:
– Record the distance covered (in meters) during the
last minute of effort.
– Use the formula: (distance in m / 6) × 3.2 = maximal aerobic capacity
(VO₂max) in ml/kg/min
**Objective**
The Astrand 6-minute Cycle Test is designed to assess an individual’s cardiopulmonary capacity, which reflects the combined efficiency of the heart and lungs during aerobic exercise.
This test is commonly used to evaluate the maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and to determine anaerobic threshold, providing insights into an individual’s endurance performance.
**Required Resources**
To conduct the test effectively, the following resources are essential: a bicycle,
a paddle resistance setting, a bike monitor or speedometer to track revolutions
per minute (RPM), a stopwatch for timing, and a
method to calculate power output in watts.
Additionally, a way to measure lactate levels may be required depending on the laboratory setup.
**How to Conduct the Test**
The test begins with a 5-10 minute warm-up ride
at a low resistance setting to prepare the participant mentally and physically.
The main test consists of cycling at increasing resistance every minute until the participant can no longer sustain for one full minute.
The cool-down phase mirrors the warm-up, allowing the body to gradually return to normal activity levels.
**Convert RPM to km/hr**
The results from the test are often converted into kilometers per hour (km/h)
for easier interpretation by cyclists. This conversion can be
calculated using the formula:
[ \textSpeed in km/h = \textRPM \times 2.8 ]
**Convert Speed to Watts**
To calculate power output, the speed is converted into meters per second (m/s) and multiplied by the resistance force measured in newtons (N).
Power in watts (W) can then be determined using the formula:
[ W = \textSpeed in m/s \times \textResistance in N ]
**Assessment**
The results from the test are used to calculate various parameters, including maximum speed (Vmax), oxygen uptake (VO₂max), and anaerobic threshold.
Lactate levels may also be analyzed to assess lactate threshold, which helps identify endurance capacity.
**Analysis**
Data collected during the test is plotted against time, with specific attention paid
to the relationship between speed/power output and lactate accumulation.
This analysis helps determine the participant’s ability to sustain high-intensity effort before reaching fatigue.
**Target Group**
The test is suitable for healthy adults who are physically active or
have completed a training program. It is not recommended
for individuals with significant heart or lung conditions without medical approval.
**Reliability**
The Astrand 6-minute Cycle Test has good reliability when conducted under controlled
conditions, ensuring consistent results across similar subjects.
**Validity**
The test is valid for assessing cardiopulmonary performance
but may have limitations if measurement techniques are not precise
or if environmental factors affect performance.
**Advantages**
– Non-invasive assessment of aerobic and anaerobic capacity.
– Provides standardized testing protocol.
– Useful for comparing performance across different fitness levels.
**Disadvantages**
– Requires specialized equipment and trained personnel.
– The test may be time-consuming to administer and analyze.
– Potential safety concerns for untrained individuals without proper warm-up.
**References**
1. American College of Sports Medicine, *ACSM’s Exercise
Testing and Prescription*, 7th Edition.
2. Davies, S.J., & Thompson, P.D. (2003). *Exercise and its Benefits*.
3. Gaesser, G.A., & Lamb, K.R. (1998). *Interpretation of Anaerobic Threshold: Implications for Fitness Testing*.
**Page Reference**
This article can be found on page 15 of the fitness testing manual
provided by the local sports medicine clinic.
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